50个心理冷知识(500个心理有趣冷知识)

r>1. "The Bystander Effect" - When people are in a group, they are less likely to intervene in an emergency situation.
2. "Confirmation Bias" - People tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and overlook information that contradicts them.
3. "Cognitive Dissonance" - The uncomfortable feeling we experience when our beliefs or actions conflict with each other.
4. "The Self-Serving Bias" - We tend to attribute our success to our own abilities and our failures to external factors.
5. "The Halo Effect" - We tend to assume that people who are visually appealing or have other positive qualities are also morally good and intelligent.
6. "Groupthink" - The tendency for members of a group to conform to its norms and values, even if they contradict their personal beliefs.
7. "The Anchoring Effect" - We rely too heavily on the first piece of information we receive when making decisions or judgments.
8. "The Dunning-Kruger Effect" - People with less knowledge or ability in a particular area tend to overestimate their expertise and competence.
9. "The sunk cost fallacy" - We tend to continue investing in a decision, even when it is no longer beneficial, because we have already put money or time into it.
10 "The availability heuristic" - We tend to overestimate the probability of events that are easily recalled, such as those that are more recently experienced or more memorable. 1
1. "The bystander effect" - When people are in a group, they are less likely to intervene in an emergency situation. 1
2. "The false consensus effect" - We tend to overestimate the number of people who agree with us and have similar beliefs. 1
3. "The framing effect" - The way in which information is presented affects our perception and decisions. 1
4. "The illusion of control" - We tend to overestimate our ability to influence or control events that are largely subject to chance. 1
5. "The negativity bias" - Negative events and experiences have a greater impact on our emotions and memories than positive ones. 1
6. "The just-world hypothesis" - Belief that people get what they deserve or that their actions determine their outcomes, good or bad. 1
7. "The sunk cost fallacy" - We tend to continue investing in a decision, even when it is no longer beneficial, because we have already put money or time into it. 1
8. "The peak-end rule" - We judge an experience based on how it felt at its peak and at the end, rather than its overall duration. 1
9. "The endowment effect" - People value items they own more than identical items they do not own. 20. "The mere exposure effect" - The more familiar and frequently we are exposed to something, the more we like it, even if we initially disliked it. 2
1. "The halo effect" - We tend to assume that people who are visually appealing or have other positive qualities are also morally good and intelligent. 2
2. "The fundamental attribution error" - We tend to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors (personality traits) and underestimate situational factors when explaining other people's behavior. 2
3. "The negativity bias" - Negative events and experiences have a greater impact on our emotions and memories than positive ones. 2
4. "The reactance theory" - When people feel their freedom or choices are threatened, they are more likely to resist and act against it. 2
5. "The self-fulfilling prophecy" - When our beliefs about a situation or person influence our behavior, which in turn may lead to the expected outcome. 2
6. "The sunk cost fallacy" - We tend to continue investing in a decision, even when it is no longer beneficial, because we have already put money or time into it. 2
7. "The spotlight effect" - We overestimate how much attention other people pay to our mistakes or appearance. 2
8. "The confirmation bias" - People tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and overlook information that contradicts them. 2
9. "Framing effect" - The way in which information is presented affects our perception and decisions. 30. "The illusory correlation" - People often perceive a relationship between two unrelated events, leading to inaccurate judgments. 3
1. "The placebo effect" - The belief that a treatment (even if it has no active ingredients) can produce a therapeutic effect. 3
2. "The tragic hero effect" - We tend to sympathize more with people who suffer setbacks or failures when they also exhibit heroic qualities. 3
3. "The availability heuristic" - We tend to overestimate the probability of events that are easily recalled, such as those that are more recently experienced or more memorable. 3
4. "The negativity bias" - Negative events and experiences have a greater impact on our emotions and memories than positive ones. 3
5. "The hindsight bias" - After an event has occurred, we tend to believe that we were able to predict or foresee it more accurately than we actually did. 3
6. "The sleeper effect" - People increase their acceptance of a message despite rejecting it initially, if they forget the source of the message. 3
7. "The sunk cost fallacy" - We tend to continue investing in a decision, even when it is no longer beneficial, because we have already put money or time into it. 3
8. "The false consensus effect" - We tend to overestimate the number of people who agree with us and have similar beliefs. 3
9. "The actor-observer bias" - We tend to attribute our own behavior to situational factors, but others' behavior to dispositional factors. 40. "The confirmation bias" - People tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and overlook information that contradicts them. 4
1. "The self-serving bias" - We tend to attribute our success to our own abilities and our failures to external factors. 4
2. "The mere exposure effect" - The more familiar and frequently we are exposed to something, the more we like it, even if we initially disliked it. 4
3. "The illusory correlation" - People often perceive a relationship between two unrelated events, leading to inaccurate judgments. 4
4. "The sunk cost fallacy" - We tend to continue investing in a decision, even when it is no longer beneficial, because we have already put money or time into it. 4
5. "The mere exposure effect" - The more familiar and frequently we are exposed to something, the more we like it, even if we initially disliked it. 4
6. "The availability heuristic" - We tend to overestimate the probability of events that are easily recalled, such as those that are more recently experienced or more memorable. 4
7. "The anchoring effect" - We rely too heavily on the first piece of information we receive when making decisions or judgments. 4
8. "The false consensus effect" - We tend to overestimate the number of people who agree with us and have similar beliefs. 4
9. "The Dunning-Kruger effect" - People with less knowledge or ability in a particular area tend to overestimate their expertise and competence. 50. "The conformity effect" - People tend to conform to social norms or group behavior, even if it goes against their personal beliefs or values.